original stringlengths 30 326 | simplifications sequencelengths 8 8 |
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adjacent counties are marin -lrb- to the south -rrb- , mendocino -lrb- to the north -rrb- , lake -lrb- northeast -rrb- , napa -lrb- to the east -rrb- , and solano and contra costa -lrb- to the southeast -rrb- . | [
"neighboring counties -lrb- a political and administrative division of a state , providing certain local governmental services -lrb- in the us -rrb- -rrb- are marin -lrb- to the south -rrb- , mendocino -lrb- to the north -rrb- , lake -lrb- northeast -rrb- , napa -lrb- to the east -rrb- , and solano and contra costa... |
a georgian inscription around the drum attests his name . | [
"there is a georgian inscription around the drum to confirm his name .",
"a georgian wording around the drum serves as clear evidence of. his name .",
"a georgian label around the drum gives evidence for his name .",
"a georgian inscription around the drum has his name .",
"a georgian inscription around the... |
they would later return to the revived series in the 2008 christmas special " the next doctor " , introducing two new variants of the race ; the cyber-shades and the cyber-king . | [
"they would later return to the brought back to life series in the 2008 christmas special \" the next doctor \" , introducing two new versions of the race ; the computer-shades and the computer-king .",
"they would return to the series in the 2008 christmas special \" the next doctor \" , introducing two new vari... |
jameson 's autobiography , how to make love like a porn star : a cautionary tale was published august 17 , 2004 . | [
"jameson 's autobiography , how to make love like a porn star : a cautionary tale was published august 17 2004 .",
"jameson 's autobiography , how to make love like a porn star : a cautionary tale , was published august 17 , 2004 .",
"jameson 's autobiography , how to make love like a porn star : a cautionary t... |
it is particularly famous for the cultivation of kiwifruit . | [
"it is mostly famous for the growing of kiwifruit .",
"this area is known for growing kiwifruit",
"it is known for the cultivation of kiwifruit in particular .",
"it is mostly famous for growing kiwifruit .",
"it is particularly famous for the cultivation of kiwifruit .",
"it is particularly famous for gr... |
singles competition -lrb- 2002 – 2003 -rrb- after years in the tag team division , hardy took on the undertaker in a ladder match for the undisputed championship . | [
"one on one competition -lrb- 2002-2003 -rrb- , after years in two on two division , hardy fought the undertaker in a ladder fight for the undisputed championship .",
"hardy , after years in the tag team division took on the undertaker in a ladder match for the championship .",
"singles competition -lrb- 2002 –... |
many of the churches work together for town-wide projects under the banner of " churches together in stevenage " . | [
"many of the churches work together for projects across the town under the slogan of \" churches together in stevenage \" .",
"several of the churches work together for city-wide projects under the banner of \" churches together in stevenage \"",
"many churches work together for town projects under the banner o... |
word processing templates enable the ability to bypass the initial setup and configuration time necessary to create standardized documents such as a resume . | [
"word processing templates enable you to bypass setup necessary to create documents like a resume .",
"word processing templates enable the ability to bypass the initial setup and configuration time necessary to create standardized documents such as a resume .",
"word processing templates enable the ability to ... |
rollins retired in 1962 and opted to become a coach . | [
"rollins retired in 1962 and choosed to become a coach .",
"rollins retired in 1962 and decided to become a coach .",
"rollins retired in 1962 and become a coach .",
"rollins retired in 1962 and became a coach .",
"rollins retired in 1962 and decided to become a coach .",
"rollins retired in 1962 and beca... |
history landsberg prison , which is in the town 's western outskirts , was completed in 1910 . | [
"history landsberg prison was finished in 1910 and is located west of the town .",
"the construction of history landsberg prison located in the western outskirts of the town was over in 1910 .",
"landsberg prison , in the west part of town , was completed in 1910 .",
"history landsberg prison , which is outsi... |
a hunting dog refers to any dog who assists humans in hunting . | [
"a hunting dog refers to any dog who assists humans in hunting .",
"a hunting dog refers to any dog who assists humans in hunting .",
"a hunting dog mean any dog who assists humans in hunting .",
"a hunting dog refers to any dog who helps humans in hunting .",
"a hunting dog is a dog that helps humans hunt ... |
the empire of nicaea succeeded in capturing constantinople and the rest of the latin empire , thus re-establishing the byzantine empire . | [
"the byzantine empire came back when the empire of nicaea captured constantinople and the latin empire .",
"the byzantine empire was re-established , after the empire of nicaea succeeded in capturing constantinople and the rest of the latin empire .",
"the empire of nicaea succeeded and re-established in captur... |
this led scientists to re-examine the old photos again , and the satellite was finally found in the images . | [
"this led the scientists to reexamine the old photos again , and the satellite was finally found in the images .",
"this led scientists to re-examine the old photos again , and the satellite was finally found in the images .",
"this led scientists to re-examine the old photos again , and the satellite was final... |
marcel junod -lrb- 1904-1961 -rrb- , a physician from geneva , was another famous delegate during the second world war . | [
"marcel junod -lrb- 1904-1961 -rrb- , a doctor from geneva , was another well-known delegate during the second world war .",
"marcel junod , a physician from geneva , was another famous representative during the second world war .",
"marcel junod -lrb- 1904-1961 -rrb- , a doctor from geneva , was another famous... |
whisenhunt 's career as a player included 4 years -lrb- 1985-88 -rrb- as a tight end with the atlanta falcons , who drafted him in the twelfth round , and then spells with the washington redskins and new york jets . | [
"drafted in the twelfth round whisenhunt played 4 years as a tight end with the atlanta falcons , then the washington redskins and new york jets .",
"whisenhunt 's career as a player included 4 years -lrb- 1985-88 -rrb- as a tight end with the atlanta falcons , who drafted him in the twelfth round , and then time... |
in return , romania ceded three southern districts of bessarabia to russia and acquired dobruja . | [
"romania ceded three southern districts of bessarabia to russia in return for dorbuja .",
"in return , romania gave up three southern areas of bessarabia to russia and got dobruja .",
"in response , romania gave up three of the southern districts of bessarabia to russia and took over dobruja",
"in return , ro... |
in march 2001 , the world wrestling federation purchased world championship wrestling . | [
"in march 2001 , the world wrestling federation bought world championship wrestling .",
"the world wrestling federation purchased world championship wrestling in march of 2001 .",
"in march 2001 , the world fighting federation got to own world sporting event fighting .",
"in march 2001 , the world wrestling f... |
the west coast blues is a type of blues music characterized by jazz and jump blues influences , strong piano-dominated sounds and jazzy guitar solos , which originated from texas blues players relocated to california in the 1940s . | [
"the west coast blues which is a type of music blues characterized by jazz and jump blues influences the strong piano - dominated sounds and jazzy guitar solos which was originated from texaz blues players who are relocated to california in 1940 's",
"the west coast blues is a type of blues music characterized by... |
subsequent visits reported seeing the flag flying from places of honor . | [
"several visits reported seeing the flag flying from places of honor .",
"subsequent visitors reported seeing the flag flying from places of honor .",
"subsequent visits reported seeing the flag flying from places of honor .",
"visitors who came later said they saw the flag flying from places of honor .",
"... |
agriculture locals grow seasonal crops such as maize -lrb- makai -rrb- and wheat -lrb- kanak -rrb- . | [
"locals grow crops such as maize and wheat .",
"agriculture locals grow seasonal crops such as maize -lrb- makai -rrb- and wheat -lrb- kanak -rrb- .",
"locals grow seasonal crops such as maize and wheat .",
"local farmers grow season crops such as corn and wheat -rrb- .",
"farmers grow seasonal crops like m... |
in 2004 , roy was selected as the greatest goaltender in nhl history by a panel of 41 writers , coupled with a simultaneous fan poll . | [
"in 2004 , roy was selected as the greatest goaltender in nhl history by a 41 writers panel , coupled with simultaneous fan poll .",
"in 2004 , roy was picked out as the greatest goaltender in nhl history by a panel of 41 writers as well a by a fan poll that was taken at the same time .",
"in 2004 , roy was cho... |
frances was later absorbed by an extratropical cyclone on november 21 . | [
"frances was later absorbed by an extratropical cyclone on november 21 .",
"on november 21 , an extratropical cyclone absorbed frances .",
"frances was later absorbed by an extratropical cyclone on november 21 .",
"an extratropical cyclone absorbed frances on november 21 .",
"frances was later absorbed by a... |
tracking northwestward , the depression moved ashore near fort walton beach early on september 22 , and shortly thereafter it dissipated over southeastern alabama . | [
"the depression moved ashore near fort walton beach on september 22 , and shortly it dissipated over southeastern alabama .",
"tracking northwestward , the depression moved ashore near fort walton beach initially on september 22 , and soon thereafter it dispersed over southeastern alabama .",
"early september 2... |
anthony mcgill is the principal clarinetist for the metropolitan opera . | [
"anthony mcgill is the main clarinetist for metropolitan opera .",
"anthony mcgill is the principal clarinetist for the metropolitan opera .",
"anthony mcgill is the main clarinetist for the metropolitan opera .",
"anthony mcgill is the main person to play the clarinet for the metropolitan opera .",
"anthon... |
the author -lrb- s -rrb- and publisher -lrb- s -rrb- of the document do not by this license give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any modified version . | [
"the creator -lrb- s -rrb- and the representative -lrb- s -rrb- of the owner of the document do not by this license allow them to use their names for attention or to claim or suggest approval of any modified version .",
"by this license , the authors and publishers of the document do not give permission to use th... |
the british rail class 91 is a class of 140 mph -lrb- 225 km / h -rrb- , 4.54mw / 6,300 hp electric locomotives ordered as a component of the east coast main line modernisation and electrification programme of the late 1980s . | [
"the british rail class 91 is a class of 140 mph electric locomotives ordered as a component of the east coast main line modernisation and electrification programme of the 1980s .",
"the british rail 91 is a class of 140mph , 4.5mw / 6300hp loocomotives ordered as a component of the east coast main line modernisa... |
the premiere received a 2.79 rating , making it the highest rated show on cable in its time slot . | [
"with a 2.79 rating , the premiere was the highest rated show in its time slot on cable .",
"1 . the premiere received a 2.79 rating , making it the highest rated show on cable in its time slot .",
"the premiere was rated as the highest rated show on cable in its time slot with 2.79 rating",
"the premiere is ... |
there are claims that thousands of people were impaled at a single time . | [
"there are claims that thousands of people were stabbed at once .",
"there are claims that thousands of people were impaled at a single time .",
"it 's claimed that thousands of people were impaled at the same time .",
"there are claims that thousands of people were stabbed at a single time .",
"there are c... |
the name " hornet " is used for this and related species primarily because of their habit of making aerial nests -lrb- similar to the true hornets -rrb- rather than subterranean nests . | [
"this and similar species are often called hornets because they make nests similar to actual hornets instead of nests in the ground .",
"like true hornets , they are called \"",
"the name \" hornet \" is used for this and related species mainly because of their habit of making open-air nests -lrb- similar to tr... |
in 1589 , salt began to be made in sunderland . | [
"in 1589 , salt began to be made in sunderland .",
"in 1589 salt began to be made in sunderland .",
"salt began being made in sunderland in 1589 .",
"in 1589 , salt began to be made in sunderland .",
"in 1589 , salt began to be made in sunderland .",
"in 1589 , salt began to be made in sunderland .",
"i... |
some trails are designated as nature trails , and are used by people learning about the natural world . | [
"people learn about the matural world while treading along paths that are called as nature trails .",
"some trails are named as nature trails . poeple use them to learn about the natural world .",
"some trails are marked as nature trails , and are used by people learning about nature .",
"some trails are labe... |
in august 2007 , hager was reassigned to florida championship wrestling , where he began a feud with tj wilson . | [
"hager begin a feud with tj wilson after getting assigned to florida championship wrestling .",
"in august of 2007 , hager was sent back to florida championship wrestling , where he began an ongoing quarrel with tj wilson .",
"in august 2007 , hager was reappointed to florida championship wrestling , where he s... |
these rock formations are characteristically composed of sandstone with layers of quartz . | [
"these rock formations are characteristically made of sandstone with layers of quartz .",
"characteristics of these rock formations are sandstone composition with quartz layers .",
"these rock formations are usually made of sandstone with layers of quartz .",
"these rock formations are made of sandstone with ... |
notably absent from the city are fortifications and military structures . | [
"notably absent from the city are fortifications and military structures .",
"notably absent from the city are fortifications and military structures .",
"the city does not have fortifications or military structures .",
"notably absent from the city are fortifications and military structures .",
"notably ab... |
san francisco bay is located in the u.s. state of california , surrounded by a contiguous region known as the san francisco bay area , dominated by the large cities san francisco , oakland and san jose . | [
"san francisco bay is located in the u.s. state of california , surrounded by a contiguous region known as the san francisco bay area , influenced by the large cities , san francisco , oakland and san jose .",
"san francisco bay is found in the u.s. state of california , surrounded by a bordering region known as ... |
adrastea was discovered by david c. jewitt and g. edward danielson in voyager 2 probe photographs taken on july 8 , 1979 , and received the designation . | [
"david c. jewitt and g. edward danielson was discovered adrastea in voyager 2 probe photographs taken on july 8 , 1979 , and received the designation .",
"david c. jewitt and g. edward danielson discovered adrastea in pictures taken on july 8 , 1979 with the voyager 2 probe",
"adrastea was discovered by david j... |
picasa web albums was first leaked on june 6 , 2006 . | [
"june 6 , 2006 saw the first emergence of picasa web albums .",
"picasa web albums was first became known on june 6 , 2006 .",
"picasa web albums started being illegally distributed on june 6 , 2006 .",
"picasa web albums was depute leaked on june 6 , 2006 .",
"on june 6 , 2006 the first picasa web albums w... |
it is probably a primitive body composed of carbonates . | [
"it is probably a primitive body composed of carbonates .",
"1 . it is probably a primitive body made of carbonates .",
"it is probably a primitive body made of carbonates .",
"it is a primitive body composed of carbonates .",
"it is probably a primitive body , it made up of carbonates .",
"it is probably... |
either way , artemis was born first and then assisted with the birth of apollo . | [
"artemis was born first and assisted with the birth of apollo .",
"either way , artemis was born first and then helped with the birth of apollo .",
"either way , artemis was born first and then helped with the birth of apollo .",
"either way , artemis was born first and then assisted with the birth of apollo ... |
the park has become a traditional location for mass demonstrations . | [
"the park has become a common location for mass demonstrations .",
"the park has become a traditional location for mass demonstrations .",
"the park has become a regular location for mass protests .",
"the park has become a traditional location for mass demonstrations .",
"the park has become a traditional ... |
breaking dawn is the fourth and final novel in the twilight series by stephenie meyer . | [
"breaking dawn is the fourth and final novel in the twilight series by stephenie meyer .",
"breaking dawn is the fourth and final novel in the twilight series by stephenie meyer .",
"the fourth and final novel in the twilight series by stephenie meyer is \" breaking dawn \" .",
"breaking dawn is the last nove... |
the main town is abingdon , other places include faringdon and wantage . | [
"the main town is abingdon , other places include faringdon and wantage .",
"the main town is abingdon , other places include faringdon and wantage .",
"the main city is abingdon , other places contain faringdon and wantage .",
"the towns in the area are faringon , wantage , and the main town , abingdon .",
... |
the municipality has about 5700 inhabitants . | [
"the city has about 5700 people .",
"there are approximately 5700 citzens in the municipality .",
"the municipality has about 5700 inhabitants .",
"the municipality has about 5700 residents .",
"the municipality has about 5700 inhabitants .",
"the city has about 5700 residents .",
"the municipality has ... |
42 – 59 external links 2001 census , accessed nov . 29 , 2006 geo . | [
"42 – 59 external links 2001 census , used nov . 29 , 2006 geo .",
"42 – 59 external links 2001 census , examined nov . 29 , 2006 geo .",
"42 – 59 external links 2001 census , seen nov . 29 , 2006 geo .",
"42-59 external links 2001 census , collected nov . 29 , 2006 geo .",
"42 – 59 external links . 2001 ce... |
it was discovered by a team of astronomers from the university of hawaii led by scott s. sheppard , et al . | [
"it was discovered by astronomers from the university of hawaii led by scott s. sheppard .",
"it was discovered by scott s. sheppard 's team of astronomers from the university of hawaii .",
"it was found by a team of astronomers from the university of hawaii led by scott s. sheppard , et al .",
"it was found ... |
nocturnes is an orchestral composition in three movements by the french composer claude debussy . | [
"nocturnes is a orchestral piece composed by french composer claude debussy .",
"nocturnes is an orchestral composition in three movements by the french composer claude debussy .",
"nocturnes is an orchestral work in three sections by the french composer claude debussy .",
"the three-movement nocturnes was co... |
the alexandrian life of aeschylus indicates that the playwright took the first prize at the city dionysia thirteen times . | [
"the alexandrian life of aeschylus indicates that the playwright took the first prize at the city dionysia thirteen times .",
"the alexandrian life of aeschylus indicates that the playwright took first prize at the city dionysia thirteen times .",
"the alexandrian life of aeschylus points out that the playwrigh... |
calvinism gained some popularity in scandinavia , especially sweden , but was rejected in favor of lutheranism after the synod of uppsala in 1593 . | [
"calvinism gained some popularity in scandinavia , especially sweden , but was rejected in favor of lutheranism after the assembly of church officials of uppsala in 1593 .",
"calvinism gained some popularity in scandinavia , especially sweden , but was rejected in favor of lutheranism after the group of officials... |
he was holidaying in germany the following summer when world war i broke out . | [
"he was vacationing in germany the following summer when world war i broke out",
"he was holidaying in germany the following summer .",
"it was the following summer when he was in germany on holiday that world war 1 broke out .",
"he was holidaying in germany the following summer when world war one broke out ... |
in order to accomplish their objective , surveyors use elements of geometry , engineering , trigonometry , mathematics , physics , and law . | [
"in order to accomplish their objective , surveyors use elements of geometry , engineering , trigonometry , mathematics , physics , and law .",
"in order to complete their objective , surveyors use elements of geometry , engineering , trigonometry , mathematics , physics , and law .",
"surveyors use geometry , ... |
given their low metabolic rate and the low density of prey at such depths , vampire squid must use innovative predator avoidance tactics in order to conserve energy . | [
"given their low metabolic rate and the low density of prey at such depths , vampire squid must use innovative predator avoidance tactics in order to conserve energy .",
"given their low metabolic rate and the low density of prey at such depths , vampire squid must use predator avoidance tactics in order to save ... |
in the 1950s camus devoted his efforts to human rights . | [
"in the 1950s camus give or reserved his efforts to human rights .",
"in the 1950s camus devoted his efforts to human rights .",
"in the 1950 's , camus devoted his efforts to human rights .",
"in the 1950s , camus gave all his attention to the rights of the people .",
"camus devoted his efforts to human ri... |
iron maiden , released on april 14 , 1980 , is the debut album by heavy metal band iron maiden . | [
"iron maiden realeased their first album , of the same name , on april 14 , 1980 .",
"iron young unmarried woman , released on april 14 , 1980 , is the first album by heavy metal band iron young unmarried woman .",
"1 . iron maiden , released on april 14 , 1980 , is the debut album by heavy metal band , iron ma... |
the vezina trophy is awarded annually to the national hockey league 's goaltender who is " adjudged to be the best at this position " . | [
"the vezina trophy is awarded to the best goaltender in the national hockey league each year .",
"the vezina trophy is awarded annually to the national hockey league '",
"the vezina trophy is awarded once in a year to the national hockey league 's goaltender who is \" declared to be the best at this position \"... |
it was discovered by a team of astronomers from the university of hawaii led by scott s. sheppard in 2000 , and given the temporary designation . | [
"it was founded by a team of astronomers from the university of hawaii led by scott s. sheppard in 2000 , and given the temporary appointment .",
"it was discovered by a team of astronomers from the university of hawaii led by scott sheppard in 2000 and given the temporary designation .",
"a team of astronomers... |
hydra appears to be spectrally neutral like charon and nix , though pluto is reddish . | [
"the light particles passing through the atmosphere of hydra , seem to create no color , as is the case with the pluto 's other two moons , charon and nix , though pluto itself is reddish .",
"pluto is reddish while charon and nix do n't seem to have any particular color .",
"hydra appears to be spectrally neut... |
key factors in an rtos are therefore a minimal interrupt latency and a minimal thread switching latency . | [
"the key factors in rtos are minimal interrupt and minimal thread latencies .",
"key factors in an rtos are therefore a minimal interrupt latency -lrb- minimum interefering time -rrb- and a minimal thread switching latency .",
"key factors in an rtos are a minimal interrupt latency and a minimal thread switchin... |
the waxing crescent moon " represents a young nation on the ascendant " . | [
"the waxing crescent moon \" represents a young nation on the ascendant \" .",
"the waxing crescent moon \" represents a young nation on the ascendant \" .",
"the waxing moon represents a nation that is rising .",
"the waxing crescent moon represents a young nation on the rise .",
"a young nation on the asc... |
the alu is a fundamental building block of the central processing unit -lrb- cpu -rrb- of a computer , and even the simplest microprocessors contain one for purposes such as maintaining timers . | [
"the arithmatic logic unit is a basic building block of the central processing unit of a computer , and even the most simple microprocessors have one for uses such as maintaining timers .",
"even the simplest microprocessors contain an alu for purposes such as maintaining timers , while it is fundamentally a buil... |
probably in the ninth century , the village became part of the territory of the monastery of reichenau . | [
"probably in the ninth century , the village became part of the territory of the monastery of reichenau .",
"probably in the ninth century , the village became part of the area of the monastery of reichenau .",
"most likely in the ninth century , the village became part of the territory of the monastery of reic... |
at the 2008 cannes film festival , alain siritzky announced that a worldwide search was underway for a new emmanuelle to star in a new series of films . | [
"at the 2008 cannes film festival , alain siritzky announced that a worldwide search was going on for a new emmanuelle to star in a new series of films .",
"alain siritzky announced at the 2008 cannes film festival , that a worldwide search for a new emmanuelle was underway to star in a new series of films .",
... |
hardy also cites " burn out " and the need for time off as reasons for leaving wwe . | [
"hardy also specifies to \" burn out \" and the need for time off as reasons for leaving wwf .",
"the wrestler harley left the wwe because he said he was tired and getting bored of the sport .",
"leaving wwe was because hardy needed time off due to \" burn out \"",
"hardy cites \" burn out \" and the need for... |
q is the seventeenth letter of the basic modern latin alphabet . | [
"q is the 17th letter of yjr modern latin alphabet .",
"q is the seventeenth letter of the basic latin alphabet of recent times .",
"q is the seventeenth letter of the basic current latin alphabet .",
"q is the seventeenth letter of the modern latin alphabet .",
"q is the seventeenth letter of the basic mod... |
among the casualties were two fishers who were reported missing . | [
"among the dead were two fishers who were reported missing .",
"among those dead were two fisherman that had been reported as missing .",
"two fisherman are missing among the people who may have been hurt or killed .",
"among the deaths were two fishers who were named missing .",
"the two fishers who were r... |
this book by itself is out of print having been published along with nine short stories in the collection the worthing saga -lrb- 1990 -rrb- . | [
"this book by itself is out of print having been printed along with nine short stories in the collection the worthing saga -lrb- 1990 -rrb- .",
"this book itself is out of print having been published along with nine short stories in the collection the worthing saga -lrb- 1990 -rrb- .",
"this book by itself is o... |
the 1977 atlantic hurricane season officially began on june 1 , 1977 , and lasted until november 30 , 1977 . | [
"the 1977 atlantic hurricane season began june 1 and ended november 30 .",
"the 1977 atlantic hurricane season officially began on june 1 , 1977 , and lasted until november 30 , 1977 .",
"the 1977 atlantic hurricane season began on june 1 , 1977 and lasted until november 30 , 1977 .",
"the 1977 atlantic hurri... |
due to the cold war , subsequent trials never took place . | [
"due to the cold war , later trials never took place .",
"due to the cold war , following trials never took place .",
"because of the cold war , later trials did not happen .",
"due to the cold war , consecutive trials never took place .",
"due to the cold war , subsequent trials never took place .",
"as ... |
dundee has two universities — the university of abertay dundee and the university of dundee . | [
"dundee has two universities — the university of abertay dundee and the university of dundee .",
"dundee has two universities , one of them is the abertay dundee university and the other is university of dundee",
"there are two universities in dundee : the univeersity of abertay dundee and the university of dun... |
john paul stevens -lrb- born april 20 , 1920 -rrb- is the senior associate justice of the supreme court of the united states . | [
"john paul stevens -lrb- born april 20 , 1920 -rrb- is the senior associate justice of the supreme court of the united states .",
"john paul stevens is the senior associate justice of the supreme court of the united states .",
"john paul stevens -lrb- born april 20 , 1920 -rrb- is the senior associate justice o... |
for a period , platforms at both the old and new stations operated , before the original station finally closed and was demolished . | [
"for a period , platforms at both old and new stations operated before the original station closed and was destroyed .",
"for a period , platforms at both the old and new stations operated , before the original station finally closed and was torn down .",
"for a stage in history , flat structures at both the ol... |
however , all of the storms that have impacted arizona have formed in the latter parts of the pacific hurricane season , and only storm remnants have affected the state before august . | [
"however , all of the storms that have strongly affected arizona have formed in the latter parts of the pacific hurricane season , and only storm remnants have affected the state before august .",
"however , all of the storms that have hit arizona have formed in the later parts of the pacific hurricane season , a... |
the two byzantine outbreaks during the 8th and 9th centuries were unusual in that the use of images was the main issue in the dispute , rather than a by-product of wider concerns . | [
"the byzantine outbreaks during the 8th and 9th centuries were unusual in that the use of images was the main issue in the dispute , rather than a by-product of wider concerns .",
"the use of images was the main issue in the dispute more than a by-product of wider concerns which was the unusual thing the two byza... |
it was discovered by a team of astronomers from the university of hawaii led by scott s. sheppard in 2003 , receiving the temporary designation . | [
"it was found by a team of astronomers from the university of hawaii led by scott s. sheppard in 2003 , being given the temporary name .",
"it was discovered by a team of outer space scientists from the university of hawaii led by scott s. sheppard in 2003 , receiving the only lasting for a short time name or lab... |
the french word bourgeois evolved from the old french word burgeis , meaning " an inhabitant of a town " -lrb- cf . | [
"the french word bourgeois is derived from the old french word burgeis which means \" an inhabitant of a town \"",
"the word bourgeois comes from the old french word burgeis , which means \" an inhabitant of a town \"",
"the french word bourgeois came from the old french word burgeis , meaning \" a citizen of a... |
the book of nehemiah is a book of the hebrew bible , historically regarded as a continuation of the book of ezra , and is sometimes called the second book of ezra . | [
"the book of nehemiah is a book of the hebrew bible , which has been thought of as a continuation of the book of ezra , and is sometimes called the second book of ezra .",
"the book of nehemian -lrb- also known at the second book of ezra -rrb- is thought to be a continuation of the book of ezra of the hebrew bibl... |
the erotian surface gravity varies greatly , since eros is not a sphere but an elongated peanut-shaped -lrb- or potato- or shoe-shaped -rrb- object . | [
"the erotian surface gravity varies greatly , since eros is not a sphere but an elongated object .",
"since eros is not a sphere , the surface gravity of it varies greatly .",
"1 . the erotian surface gravity is different in many spots , since eros is not a sphere but an elongated peanut-shaped -lrb- or potato-... |
definition overview the key idea behind a reed – solomon code is that the data encoded is first visualized as a polynomial . | [
"defenition overview : the key idea behind a reed - solomon code is the info is first seen as polynomial .",
"the key idea behind a reed-solomon code is that data encoded is visualized as a polynomial .",
"a reed - solomon code is first visualized as a polynomial .",
"the main idea with the reed-solmon codes ... |
the wwf consisted of stone cold steve austin , kurt angle , chris jericho , kane , and the undertaker , who all squared off against the team of ddp , booker t , rhyno , and the dudley boys . | [
"the wwf was made up of stone cold steve austin , kurt angle , chris jericho , kane , and the undertaker , who all teamed up against ddp , booker t , rhyno , and the dudley boys .",
"the wwf consisted of stone cold steve austin , kurt angle , chris jericho , kane , and the undertaker , who all squared off against... |
memory locations can also be renamed , although it is not commonly done to the extent practised in register renaming . | [
"memory locations can also be given new names , but registers are renamed more often .",
"memory locations can also be renamed , but it is not done to the extent practised in register renaming .",
"memory locations can also be renamed , although it is not commonly done to the extent practised in register renami... |
disputes between european and chinese miners flared into brawls at daylesford and castlemaine . | [
"arguments between european and chinese miners flared into fights at daylesford and castlemaine .",
"differences between european and chinese miners became outright fights at daylesford and castlemaine .",
"dispute between european and chinese miners flared into fist fights at daylesford and castlemaine .",
"... |
tourism is concentrated in the mountains , particularly around the towns of davos / arosa , laax and st. moritz / pontresina . | [
"the mountain areas see alot of tourists , especially the areas of davos , arosa , laax , st. moritz and pontresina .",
"tourism is concentrated in the mountains around town .",
"tourism can be found mostly in the mountains , and mostly around the towns of davos / arosa , laax and st. moritz / pontresina .",
... |
it was discovered on february 27 , 1995 . | [
"1 . it was discovered on february 27 , 1995 .",
"it was found on february 27 , 1995 .",
"it was found on february 27 , 1995 .",
"it was found on february 27 , 1995 .",
"it was discovered on february 27 1995 .",
"it was discovered on february 27 , 1995 .",
"it was discovered on 27th february 1995 .",
... |
they were introduced to europe in 1846 by robert fortune , collector for the london horticultural society , and shortly thereafter into north america . | [
"they were introduced to europe in 1846 by robert fortune , collector for the london horticultural society , and shortly thereafter into north america .",
"they were introduced to europe in 1846 by robert fortune , collector for the london horticultural society , and soon after into north america .",
"they came... |
he began this form of ministry in 1947 and continued until recently . | [
"he started this form of preaching in 1947 and kept going until recently .",
"he started this form of ministry in 1947 and got on with it until short while ago .",
"he began this form of preaching in 1947 and continued until recently .",
"he was in ministry from 1947 to recently .",
"this ministry was begun... |
anne frank was deported on the last train from westerbork . | [
"anne frank was sent away on the last train from westerbork .",
"anne frank was sent away from a country on the last train from westerbork .",
"anne frank was kicked out of the country on the last train from westerbork .",
"anne frank was sent off on the last train from westerbork .",
"1 . anne frank was ex... |
upper body sleeveless shirt tank top , wife beater , singlet a sleeveless garment similar to a t-shirt . | [
"upper body sleeveless shirt tank top , wife beater , singlet a sleeveless garment similar to a t-shirt .",
"a sleeveless shirt or tank top , also called wife-beater , is similar to a t-shirt .",
"upper body sleeveless tank top , wife beater , is a sleeveless garment similar to a t-shirt .",
"similar to a t-s... |
the moon is very elongated , with its short axis 0.5 ± 0.1 times the long axis . | [
"the moon is very elongated , with its short axis 0.5 ± 0.1 times the long axis .",
"the moon is elongated with its short axis 0.5 and 0.1 times the long axis .",
"the moon is very long , with its short axis 0.5 ± 0.1 times the long axis .",
"the moon is very long shaped , with its short axis 0.5 ± 0.1 times ... |
they claimed to be playing an april fool 's joke , but most people who saw the signs were unfamiliar with the phrase . | [
"they declared to be playing an april fool 's joke , but most people who saw the signs were unknown with the phrase .",
"they said they were playing an april fool 's joke , but most people who saw the signs did not know the phrase .",
"they claimed to be playing an april fool 's joke , but most people who saw t... |
a parallel to tributaries is the distributary , a river that branches off of and flows away from the main stream . | [
"a parallel to tributaries -lrb- main river or stream flowing into a larger river or lake -rrb- is the distributary , a river that branches off of and flows away from the main stream .",
"similar to tributaries is the distributary , a river that branches off of and flows away from the main stream",
"distributar... |
the inner eyewall dissipated as a 23 mile -lrb- 37 km -rrb- outer eyewall became dominant , and concurrently the overall organization of the hurricane improved . | [
"the eyewall of inner is dissipated became outer by 23 mile , the concurently overall organization of the hurricane improved",
"the inner eyewall disappeared as a 23 mile -lrb- 37 km -rrb- outer eyewall became stronger , and at the same time , the overall organization of the hurricane improved .",
"the inner ey... |
the white sox play in the american league 's central division . | [
"the white sox play in the american league 's central division .",
"the white sox play in the american league 's central division .",
"the white sox play in the american league 's central division .",
"the white sox play in the american league 's central division .",
"the white sox play in the american leag... |
when damocles was discovered , in 1991 by robert h. mcnaught , it was found to be on an orbit completely different from all others known . | [
"when damocles was first seen , in 1991 by robert h. mcnaught , it was found to be on an orbit much different from all others known .",
"when damocles was discovered , in 1991 by robert h. mcnaught , it was found to be on an orbit completely different from all others known .",
"when damocles was found by robert... |
the blake river megacaldera complex is considered a supervolcano due to its great size and its multiple dikes and vents . | [
"the blake river megacaldera complex is considered a supervolcano due to its great size and its multiple dikes and vents .",
"the blake river megacaldera complex is considered a supervolcano because of its large size and its numerous dikes and vents .",
"the blake river megacaldera complex is considered a super... |
six species live in the greater caribbean region , including the queen conch , and the west indian fighting conch , strombus pugilis . | [
"six species live in the caribbean region including the queen conch and the west indian fighting conch , strombus pugilis .",
"six species live in the greater caribbean area , including the queen conch , and the west indian fighting conch , strombus pugilis .",
"six species live in the greater caribbean region ... |
with its completion in 1992 , uninterrupted water transport was made possible between the north sea and the black sea . | [
"with its completion in 1992 , constant water transport was made possible between the north sea and the black sea .",
"with its completion in 1992 , uninterrupted water transfers was made possible between the north sea and the black sea .",
"with its completion in 1992 , continuous water transport was made poss... |
world temperatures could rise by between 1.1 and 6.4 ° c -lrb- 2.0 and 11.5 ° f -rrb- during the 21st century -lrb- table 3 -rrb- and that : sea levels will probably rise by 18 to 59 cm -lrb- 7.08 to 23.22 in -rrb- -lsb- table 3 -rsb- . | [
"world temperatures could rise by 1.1 and 6.4 ° c -lrb- 2.0 and 11.5 ° f -rrb- in the 21st century -lrb- table 3 -rrb- : sea levels may rise by 18 to 59 cm -lrb- 7.08 to 23.22 in -rrb- -lsb- table 3 -rsb- .",
"world temperatures could rise by between 1.1 and 6.4 ° c -lrb- 2.0 and 11.5 ° f -rrb- during the 21st ce... |
in reality angle announced that he would be having neck surgery in may and would be out of action until august . | [
"angle announced that he would be having neck surgery in may and would be out of action until august .",
"angle said that he would be having neck surgery in may and would be out until august .",
"in material fact angle announced that he would be having neck surgery in may and would be out of acting until august... |
these flies are clothed in black or pale -lrb- white or golden -rrb- hairs , and are themselves either black or metallic green or blue . | [
"these flies are clothed in black , pale white or golden hairs and are themselves either black , metallic green or blue .",
"these fliesare either black or metalic green or blue and are clothes in pale white and golden hairs .",
"these flies are clothed in black or pale -lrb- white or golden -rrb- hairs , and a... |
packaged instant soups come in several varieties : a packet of dry soup stock -lrb- like the ramen image below -rrb- . | [
"packaged instant soups come in several varieties such as a packet of dry soup stock .",
"packaged instant soups come in several kinds : a packet of dry soup stock -lrb- like the ramen image below -rrb- .",
"packaged instant soups come in several varieties : a packet of dry soup food -lrb- like the ramen image ... |
since 1980 the senior pastor has been john piper . | [
"since 1980 the main pastor has been john piper .",
"john piper has been the senior pastor since 1980 .",
"since 1980 the senior pastor has been john piper .",
"from 1980 the senior pastor -lrb- a minister in charge of a christian church or congregation -rrb- has been john piper .",
"since 1980 the senior p... |
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in Data Studio
YAML Metadata Warning: The task_categories "text2text-generation" is not in the official list: text-classification, token-classification, table-question-answering, question-answering, zero-shot-classification, translation, summarization, feature-extraction, text-generation, fill-mask, sentence-similarity, text-to-speech, text-to-audio, automatic-speech-recognition, audio-to-audio, audio-classification, audio-text-to-text, voice-activity-detection, depth-estimation, image-classification, object-detection, image-segmentation, text-to-image, image-to-text, image-to-image, image-to-video, unconditional-image-generation, video-classification, reinforcement-learning, robotics, tabular-classification, tabular-regression, tabular-to-text, table-to-text, multiple-choice, text-ranking, text-retrieval, time-series-forecasting, text-to-video, image-text-to-text, image-text-to-image, image-text-to-video, visual-question-answering, document-question-answering, zero-shot-image-classification, graph-ml, mask-generation, zero-shot-object-detection, text-to-3d, image-to-3d, image-feature-extraction, video-text-to-text, keypoint-detection, visual-document-retrieval, any-to-any, video-to-video, other
Dataset Card for TURK
Dataset Summary
TURK is a multi-reference dataset for the evaluation of sentence simplification in English. The dataset consists of 2,359 sentences from the Parallel Wikipedia Simplification (PWKP) corpus. Each sentence is associated with 8 crowdsourced simplifications that focus on only lexical paraphrasing (no sentence splitting or deletion).
Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
No Leaderboard for the task.
Languages
TURK contains English text only (BCP-47: en).
Dataset Structure
Data Instances
An instance consists of an original sentence and 8 possible reference simplifications that focus on lexical paraphrasing.
{'original': 'one side of the armed conflicts is composed mainly of the sudanese military and the janjaweed , a sudanese militia group recruited mostly from the afro-arab abbala tribes of the northern rizeigat region in sudan .',
'simplifications': ['one side of the armed conflicts is made of sudanese military and the janjaweed , a sudanese militia recruited from the afro-arab abbala tribes of the northern rizeigat region in sudan .', 'one side of the armed conflicts consist of the sudanese military and the sudanese militia group janjaweed .', 'one side of the armed conflicts is mainly sudanese military and the janjaweed , which recruited from the afro-arab abbala tribes .', 'one side of the armed conflicts is composed mainly of the sudanese military and the janjaweed , a sudanese militia group recruited mostly from the afro-arab abbala tribes in sudan .', 'one side of the armed conflicts is made up mostly of the sudanese military and the janjaweed , a sudanese militia group whose recruits mostly come from the afro-arab abbala tribes from the northern rizeigat region in sudan .', 'the sudanese military and the janjaweed make up one of the armed conflicts , mostly from the afro-arab abbal tribes in sudan .', 'one side of the armed conflicts is composed mainly of the sudanese military and the janjaweed , a sudanese militia group recruited mostly from the afro-arab abbala tribes of the northern rizeigat regime in sudan .', 'one side of the armed conflicts is composed mainly of the sudanese military and the janjaweed , a sudanese militia group recruited mostly from the afro-arab abbala tribes of the northern rizeigat region in sudan .']}
Data Fields
original: an original sentence from the source datasetssimplifications: a set of reference simplifications produced by crowd workers.
Data Splits
TURK does not contain a training set; many models use WikiLarge (Zhang and Lapata, 2017) or Wiki-Auto (Jiang et. al 2020) for training.
Each input sentence has 8 associated reference simplified sentences. 2,359 input sentences are randomly split into 2,000 validation and 359 test sentences.
| Dev | Test | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Input Sentences | 2000 | 359 | 2359 |
| Reference Simplifications | 16000 | 2872 | 18872 |
Dataset Creation
Curation Rationale
The TURK dataset was constructed to evaluate the task of text simplification. It contains multiple human-written references that focus on only lexical simplification.
Source Data
Initial Data Collection and Normalization
The input sentences in the dataset are extracted from the Parallel Wikipedia Simplification (PWKP) corpus.
Who are the source language producers?
The references are crowdsourced from Amazon Mechanical Turk. The annotators were asked to provide simplifications without losing any information or splitting the input sentence. No other demographic or compensation information is provided in the paper.
Annotations
Annotation process
The instructions given to the annotators are available in the paper.
Who are the annotators?
The annotators are Amazon Mechanical Turk workers.
Personal and Sensitive Information
Since the dataset is created from English Wikipedia (August 22, 2009 version), all the information contained in the dataset is already in the public domain.
Considerations for Using the Data
Social Impact of Dataset
The dataset helps move forward the research towards text simplification by creating a higher quality validation and test dataset. Progress in text simplification in turn has the potential to increase the accessibility of written documents to wider audiences.
Discussion of Biases
The dataset may contain some social biases, as the input sentences are based on Wikipedia. Studies have shown that the English Wikipedia contains both gender biases (Schmahl et al., 2020) and racial biases (Adams et al., 2019).
Other Known Limitations
Since the dataset contains only 2,359 sentences that are derived from Wikipedia, it is limited to a small subset of topics present on Wikipedia.
Additional Information
Dataset Curators
TURK was developed by researchers at the University of Pennsylvania. The work was supported by the NSF under grant IIS-1430651 and the NSF GRFP under grant 1232825.
Licensing Information
GNU General Public License v3.0
Citation Information
@article{Xu-EtAl:2016:TACL,
author = {Wei Xu and Courtney Napoles and Ellie Pavlick and Quanze Chen and Chris Callison-Burch},
title = {Optimizing Statistical Machine Translation for Text Simplification},
journal = {Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
volume = {4},
year = {2016},
url = {https://cocoxu.github.io/publications/tacl2016-smt-simplification.pdf},
pages = {401--415}
}
Contributions
Thanks to @mounicam for adding this dataset.
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